−a, −−all-
do not ignore entries starting with .
−A, −−almost−all-
do not list implied . and ..
−−author-
with −l, print the
author of each file
−b, −−escape-
print octal escapes for nongraphic characters
−−block−size=SIZE-
use SIZE−byte blocks
−B, −−ignore−backups-
do not list implied entries ending with ~
−c-
with −lt: sort by,
and show, ctime (time of last modification of file
status information) with −l: show ctime and sort by name
otherwise: sort by ctime
−C-
list entries by columns
−−color[=WHEN]-
control whether color is used to distinguish file
types. WHEN may be `never', `always', or `auto'
−d, −−directory-
list directory entries instead of contents, and do
not dereference symbolic links
−D, −−dired-
generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
−f-
do not sort, enable −aU, disable −ls −−color
−F, −−classify-
append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
−−file−type-
likewise, except do not append `*'
−−format=WORD-
across −x, commas
−m, horizontal
−x, long −l, single−column
−1,
verbose −l, vertical
−C
−−full−time-
like −l
−−time−style=full−iso
−g-
like −l, but do
not list owner
−−group−directories−first-
group directories before files
−G, −−no−group-
in a long listing, don't print group names
−h, −−human−readable-
with −l, print
sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
−−si-
likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
−H, −−dereference−command−line-
follow symbolic links listed on the command line
−−dereference−command−line−symlink−to−dir-
follow each command line symbolic link that points
to a directory
−−hide=PATTERN-
do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
(overridden by −a or
−A)
−−indicator−style=WORD-
append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
none (default), slash (−p), file−type
(−−file−type),
classify (−F)
−i, −−inode-
print the index number of each file
−I, −−ignore=PATTERN-
do not list implied entries matching shell
PATTERN
−k-
like −−block−size=1K
−l-
use a long listing format
−L, −−dereference-
when showing file information for a symbolic link,
show information for the file the link references
rather than for the link itself
−m-
fill width with a comma separated list of
entries
−n, −−numeric−uid−gid-
like −l, but list
numeric user and group IDs
−N, −−literal-
print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control
characters specially)
−o-
like −l, but do
not list group information
−p, −−indicator−style=slash-
append / indicator to directories
−q, −−hide−control−chars-
print ? instead of non graphic characters
−−show−control−chars-
show non graphic characters as−is (default
unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)
−Q, −−quote−name-
enclose entry names in double quotes
−−quoting−style=WORD-
use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal,
locale, shell, shell−always, c, escape
−r, −−reverse-
reverse order while sorting
−R, −−recursive-
list subdirectories recursively
−s, −−size-
print the size of each file, in blocks
−S-
sort by file size
−−sort=WORD-
sort by WORD instead of name: none −U, extension −X, size −S, time −t, version −v
−−time=WORD-
with −l, show time
as WORD instead of modification time: atime
−u, access
−u, use −u, ctime −c, or status −c; use specified time as sort
key if −−sort=time
−−time−style=STYLE-
with −l, show
times using style STYLE: full−iso,
long−iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT. FORMAT is
interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is
FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to
non−recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files; if
STYLE is prefixed with `posix−', STYLE takes
effect only outside the POSIX locale
−t-
sort by modification time
−T, −−tabsize=COLS-
assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
−u-
with −lt: sort by,
and show, access time with −l: show access time and sort by
name otherwise: sort by access time
−U-
do not sort; list entries in directory order
−v-
sort by version
−w, −−width=COLS-
assume screen width instead of current value
−x-
list entries by lines instead of by columns
−X-
sort alphabetically by entry extension
- −1
-
list one file per line
−−help-
display this help and exit
−−version-
output version information and exit
